Giáo trình Máy cắt kim loại

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O&  ]3 )pa...= 5 3 / "00X # ' '# 4  B  [1/   ' A 5 /  0X 5 D a5 7 ah 6 `, K NNNa/'`N)K NO`= 5 % - =- !h ' 5 / PaB = 5 / 5 D >5 7   'h ' 5  H - '0!c R / b33 0  5  - '0!/ P  a ? 0 5 "+ =T? >/ !4= > 3 8":" 0 5 $= 5 1b3K/ "HVH " "" / = 5 1 'h#0X  / = 5 /  " /012 /12, # / = / 5 D   0X " "" / { J"3  !=3  9(( U(I bc" ""J"3 ah#0X 004 -W'J"3 a 3 E>0X 0"j3 N(=#5 = /  ]3 N({< U / = 5 / =l " ""J"3  ]3 N(a !" "" -W'aR0X # / = /  5  D h6 c c b3 5 'V V V" ? " "" !V 6 0X  ]3 N(=a !" "" /  c0"j 3 ZhR 0X # / /* "" !h46 7 / V"a ?  h / 90X 4 k 9((0"I * ""=3 !" ""90X 4 k# / =  5 / =l  '# 4 5 c"$4= 5  c=  5 0u."D 2 Y     (G  ]3 N,{Z '? d3 ! = 5 0u ZK'  =  /  T a 5  /  9 ? j"D  T  -3  N,pa !R / !+•$j"D a3 K'? = / Th5  h ‚3 ! 5  : ? j"D Tj"D Ts ! 8! = 5 0u.;V! 5  B 2O L'3 '# 4   T [Ka K'= 5 0u [ B_a0‚ ‚ /   3 0 $4K5 $= 5  /  ZK= 5 0u!= 5 i 9 a hh>/ 5 ! 4>"D a :>/ h hR  !αnGNNa3 N,=Zh c = 5 / /  !>/ 5 h hR α‘GNNa3  N, # = 5 0u.!z5 $ hh  B$4  02 h $ k  9 c  + z 5  #  ! "/a     =  5  0u h4 >  5 Z  "H ! & 1 $ V H  5 ]3 N@a c&';3 ! = / 5 D  c= 0uRh 5  ZK'> 0T !Th_! !=! 0  $4= 5 0ua'h"/5 ? = 5 0u- 'x?  ! _  a = ;& '# 4 c  + 08 -> /  $ "/a 3 _  ?  =  5  0u ‚ 3  !  5  ? "/{ _ 3  !  k  5  T ( ! _  = 3 ! k 5 T)ZK5  f'? $"/k / 7  <' h     "/ L' 9 'U U#i  6 = f' c4 h  :  c4 =c5 a !>"'3'# 4   T [0 !"/ ? s h_‚3 ! 4k 5  c ?  "/ ! _  = ‚ ! K" ]3 N@{< U3 ! = 5  / a5 D  Y     (I 7s ck 5 T(k93 ! %KL'H$'3 !! /  7 5 :? "/r'3 3 ! 5 !;>"' 3?  O VH'3 'h{'# 4 6 b$0a'# 4  =3 bab 0 !"/a'# 4 =3 H '# "/ !0  6= f'a'# 4 "+ 4$"/ !'T! 3  H '#"/L'L'45  b3_ != :  c4k 5 a:0T !0T    5  $ =  0ua ? z f  5  c" 'a h R 3  !  94 5  i ?  "/ZK' =  0u L' L'4 h V  a s  / B 5 c" c ' [Y'T  / 45 K"-a"/ !=  0u"HL'i  6= f' YTL' & '# 4 =3 bab97 ?  iT 5 ‹*$= 5 f  /  !T5 ‹0$= 5 0ua3 N,= ZK' >e0 != 6  $=  5 0u ! h=l  '0!   >/ 5 $"/ah# K{ 2 d d mz R =  ! ϕϕ sin2sin fd mzR L == .ϕ p  hR $"/2 ϕsin22 fd d mzmz LR =→= Ch{ ϕsin f d z z =  ZKT5 ‹0$= 0u"1'4 !T5 ‹* ! hR ϕ$ "/<T5 $= 0uB h#7  cTL' &O-3  N,ah{ 2 2 2 1 rrLRd +==   Z =K{ 2 ; 2 2 2 1 1 mz r mz r == Z?  2 2 2 1 zzzd +=  +{‹ !‹!T5 $= 5 f 5 c" c= 0u ZK'0X = 0u c hR αnGNN? 3 N,=a30"H9 -c  + 5 $"/Z  h+ 5 γ$"/'/  PT5 ‹*P.'X  /' 2a ?    9 $ 0 "HPaP"/hT 5  ' 'h0W K K V'  ": " # K V'  9  H  a? ;K   = 5 0u=l = 5  f 0uah hR $>/  5  ! α–nGNN p γa  h  { h>/ $= 5  f  ]3 NE{b6 T ["/ ! = 5  f 0u Y     ,N 0u/ "H!INN!!{α–nINNpγ3 NE %0X = 5  f 0ua'# 4 $0h" D  h c 1$=  5  f 0uaKV'$=! 0 ‚  H  !:  [    O    9" !a > =?  $ 5  =  5  f  0u f  "H !   h= 6 '/ Pa  0 K/ #K 9Ch  0X 0h>=? !"D CX 0 !‚K  T=? 0 5 `  !"f  3 OT !/  # A 6 $= 5  f 0uh#6 {e–0nγ  b!0h{ ϕ γ sin cos. ' f d z z =  * ""0X 0=!;& '# 4 p / U =4 #  =  /  5  D  h ? a 9 8 ! "  ""  5  - '? d^- Z !" ""=!a  B 0X j"#  5  D  ? =  / a \  T  $" "" ! h # V   a ?  5 'V " ""=!`p(f  " /012 /12  A 5 / 5  h4T'# = 5 / 5 D  !'# 4 ?a/ U aKV'>‚a0h'9H8 c   X 6c A  5  /  5    9   7'V ` 5 EGG    "t $ š-ƒ-a  K  5IN,aK / = 5 /  f' ? c7'V& i# k*O L'3 "# a  ' '? d ! & '9 7'V !?  ih  kK  '  / = 5 / 5   'a c '?  d /   ' <; ' =H  [= 5 / 5 D  != 5 / 5   !0 5 - '0!{D  ! Cha  '? d /  [R 'i" ""0 5 - '0!F ?  '? d / = 5 / 5  h"f {  pZ '? d3 +  T  i= 5 / D {  '# 4 5 c" [>"= 5 /  != 5  f 0u  pZ '? d0 5 - '0!a:!" ""0  5 - '0!$=  f 0ua#5 c" c"/ !5  ?  "/ 60 >  : 4 O  ! K& a= 5 "H! & c \ T aH8 c a' 4 ?aCh= 5 f Hk ?'f' 46 73 0  !6ca 4  = > / FV9  = >$= 5  / ?  / 5 9 \"i Y     , "f  c /  H=H 9 ?' f' ? a 3  L' & '& C h = 5 f "HL' / f 'T?  /  = 5  F" "" /  = 5  0X !{   p5 J"5    pF!5    pY!  5    pY!5    pY!/ 5  ] "  "" f' R 0X  #  /  [  =  5   & '& aB " ""'0X # /  [ =  5  & '& >k &'& U B2U(12 5 J"5  !" ""0X # + 4  = > 5 =l  J">5 $= f  /  c>5 $= 5 W'k9 /: a3 NG A  5  9  /  T  5  c" c = 5 W'TaT) !T(9/:  ! 46 7O' 4 `4  & K  4 = W' ! =  ! !  "/ !  = X L'Z  0X K=0f'J" >T8 # ? ";*f K [=  >= 5  /  != 5 W' <'4    V a;4 H  '# / K">$5 O    # /   4K5 =l " "" !`Np +Y4=4 = W'h#0X  / `NpN 3 K Z9 # $ "  "" ! ! 4   ?  'T  '  5  /  'ZK'J0!L'3 5 J"a3 0 5 ‚=f'/ 6  7b3 \" "" !&  60X >0X h 5 'V .12 F! 5  ! "  "" 0X  # H=c49 h  ?  = > 5  =l    =  5  f   /  5  c" c0!5  !_  $ 0 ‚   4 c" "|  ` ]3 NG{< U5 J"5  ]3 NI{< U!5  C!  5  _ */ Y     , NNN,pN? = >5 $K /  C!5 !4= 5 > 5 O? = >5 h7~4 Tk c 6  |ahK0&  '/ #! _a3 NI # ! 5  D     0X  0 ! h 5  ?  ! # ! 5  ?   0X  0 ! h 5  D  ZK' H   ' 5  ?  c h ? β$0 !β$"/a 3#H=H 5  X  ' 1 $0! !1$"/f "H! 4 hδ=l {  pOP T h ? $5  /  !0!a K' '7 $ 5 0 !"/  '  p]&'T h ? $ 5  /  !0!a K' '7 $ s  T  '  pZK' / = 15 D 3 hL'$P10!=l  c h ? $5 0  pO/   hδnNpNN Y!5 f ;& '# 4  B b$0!A!   "/;& '# 4 p < !z! 3 J"<=!  "/ ;& 9 0c 6 / ? 1<a3 NI !.12 * ""!  5  ; " ""5 J"5 a:! = 5 f  / 5 c" c4>  '=   =l    h3 0  = 5 Z i" ""  5   z  9"0f' !! | ! [=    !"/b3h! ?  hh # /  [ = 5 kL' &'&  Fh" ""!  5 {  ]3 N{< U!  5   pO1$=    ! 1$"/>J '3 N+ 1= 5 g>   c1"/C ! \ ' 4 `4   '   "/F=   AaF> J c 1 "/4 hO   9" !a KK"7s [=    != >5 $"/!   a3 Np= .2 Y     ,)  pO1=    !"/>  O 9" !0X 4 =    ! KK"7s‚! D a3 N O? !  a =    ` L' B  ` ; &  0 4  D p - '   c1$"/ %.12 Y!5 !" "" /  = 5 hH 5 46  7 !4  = > Va  5 'VV" V !KV'": "a  O  ;   /  5 a! 5  h K !  -"  ""{!J"3  !!=3  %9((. U(I * "" !0X = ! 3  :  c0 5 f  / A !h #h3 0  ! =44 k 5 a3 a  /    0X j!h0 4>$k 5  3 =  ]3 {< U!5 -" ""J"3  %!a!T;& '# 4  B b !'# 4 D  p <08- '0!$5 F'# 4 0/ ? 1<h #0!;& -c 6 a  T !0"/L'4 h V  .0 B 2O 9"0 -c 6 a! 'H8 /  'a ? 4!B x /  '? = > 3  F0c 6 a3 hH8 c  / i+ 5  ? f'j!h B  i+ O 9"0 B a3 0 3H8 9"+ =T ' #      0X  x    0 4  - > J" 3  %9((.0"I * ""!=3 ! ;5 c" [= 5  !  5 + [ B 5 !4!ja   !! ja3  Y     ,( " ""!4ja ! f  |    ' 4  k  5  4 H   n Na . ! /' $ 5 2Y! 5  c 4 j  9 8 !  ! Z-a!hj9 8! !Y  #   '#  4  $ =  5  p   5 a =  5  f   /  T  ` L' L'  +$ h c \ Tba `;& 04   <- ' 9 s !>$k 5 k / 7 <'h'# 4 b !<H  '# / >=%4k 5 k9! Va!T | k a= 5 ;& '# 4 "+ 4 c &L'L'45 r' 3 !k 5 :>" % "/ ; &  '#  4 b ! <a ! T  ; &  '#  4 6 b !9 04 08< 6'!  >: 4  F"f ? k \"4 k / = 5 "P =K  VO' ?  B   '   hH 5  3 =!K {  pY / = 5 [b  pY /  5   pY / =  6>=&  pY / 1-   pF / = /  Z !aB h /   {  pY ?f'5   pY" 5   pY!/   pYK U = 5    O'„-?'f' !H 5 ah#3#'M ?  #=Kv = 5 h BL' 8  K ! !0X  #": ?'f'K= 5 " "s=K= ?'     ]3  { <  U ! 5  - " ""=3  Y     ,, F+'|{ F/ 01  !"+  / = 5  b‚3 a3 =! '? d"5 5  )Z?''# 4  =H $" """5 5  (C; ! U4 $"5 5 ,)k{  pQ+0; 76T416   pQ+0; 76'# 4 0.76"+ 4a760D  : a760c 6 a760c  12a `h9 / : 'R z76 ,b‚3 a3 =!'# 4  =H $785  @C; ! U4 $785 ,(k{  pQ+0; 76T416 $078  pQ+0; 76"+ 4 !76'# 4 0 B   pQ6'# 4 0c 6  !V'$;& 5  0 E O3  =! '?  d  /  =  5  /  5  D  =l  "  ""=3  GO3 =!" ""!5  IO3 =!" ""!  5  NO3 =!" ""!5                 Y     ,@ ! S"0 > # / - a  0X   '" ""a  ' !01 1  'O " ""ha" """P=K  V!-  ?  &  =l  0 & a  -  =l  =!  -  !  /a =!  -  0  5  9Yz4" "" 'h'a 9# ';8 "  ""69"'„'4 !6ca !46 7a4=h = >a0  - $K / Z !B "1'4 !0a !0 H 7'V !?'f' O " ""#? "- !4  [ " "" : ! f'  ! K 6 & a h!" ""h 5 'V Vah # /  - hV"6 7 !V")a0 H  7'V! >! T O  :  c "  ""  /  - a "H h   /  -  {& a"- a - a!-    Z ? :'4T / - "P=K  V'{ ("1> *- !" 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TF  - 9;& ?  i=K 0 $K / a01  1   5  ?   K O'„ '4 ! 01  1  a   -  h # "+  ! '…3 (       ]3 ({< U" "" -  F - =l =!  3 (a01 1!=! - T !Th  - D .0 # $-  62ah=? 0 a=c-  ! h +   :  c- f A! - ? T;& '# 4 D p  ba=! - 0cTT *6f'=! - h"f  / #K  b  )  b ) m b b < ) (=mm Y     ,G / T) ! !7 9'\ 9O L'3  a K / 5  [=! - !/ h'# 4 081OP H  [=! - ‚ 6 -  ' F - =l 1 3 (=ai+ V'!1 T !T L'X  ' ' c \ T!b !h=c-    c=c-  f a  c $- 1  !- f "H 9 ' 'F K / T)9>?  T;T(O1 TRL'B O1  T  ! '#  4  L' B  c \  T b B  ; &  '#  4  c 6 <% / a1 TK    "6K /  ! J"K !1 T#3 ! 0 - 'h1 T0`  4   #- UX   ]3 (a! U =l 1 T !' - TF'# 4  bR01 ;& FK / T)90W  !1  ! ' - r'3 - 9;& '4 B L'$KL'  1$ h  " $'  - C1 1$" "" ! V ":" ! ! 1>*"4  F- =l /h#;& ? &    5 a > ;4 '? 0X O'„- 6a16 $h#>  a D : > ? <T 16 $h # !4  ' 1 F- T$K'0X  H 7'V!  !! T !"1> Y - hV's T  c =! > : 0X  #- h 6 K )NNYh#h416 >  ' 16 a cf' 9H '=l ;H '4  =l   V'H ' 6 f'   -  H  ' =l    6 93 =!? 3 , O' 4 $f' - 90W  `4"T4K 1T%- a0c 01 $ ;0a 16 O   / 0 4  ? a h   9"   # K  0 r' 3   -  0' 3  K   / B ;0a9"h 7'T  0c !' 4 0  - ' 99;& L'ST' { . 2 1 Z Z  0 3 Z Z  4 0 Z Z 2 !"1/*/  ]3 ,{< Uf' -  H '=l  6 Y     ,I Y/'/ 0X #- T c0 H 7'V! c  !! TZ /'/ aTk9- 'f ;|/ 4 ?  1a  // H ' ? h 5 'V]3 @a c&' '? d! & ! U4 8$/'/  ]3 @{Z '? d! & ! U4 /'/ ;4  ]3 @a3 =!4f'/'/ ? 4;4 -  TO/'/ Th"f  >;0 4f'L'>=& T#;& '# 4 6 L'B b$/F"/TT) 90W  k T(`"w'V""/a !9t ! 9T,# [K/ L'O 9T@'f ;t"/ !"f f'/ $ /a !K"K "f '/ a'h  !iTE ]3 @=a ! U4 $;4 h  /'/ O / '/ T9> f'L'T04  ' K  c \ T b*/T)90W `"w'V""/T( !9 tT@ ! f'/ $/O t! &  T,L'=4' 1 6p=  6 Z K  %.1> Y!- 90X 4 k  ! K01 1a# +  46 7$- k9 / i [ F- f !  !- $/a0_ - a1 - a1 6a0"1 6   *f c  [ K ! '9 &'& a ? - 6==K 0  %!-  ;&  c" ""!93 =!?  3 E Y! c!0 ja  :  c=? 0 $4 k - 3  E%!!T;& '# 4 6 L'B ba !'#  4 0c 6 <#!K+ - a"/T;& 9  0 B <  !008<0  :  c=c -  * '4 B L' O1!f !  c1"/4 hα! h + $-  Y     @N   ]3 E{< U" ""!-  * "" !h#! c=V„0 -  ! '0!-  K !U  - h46 7V"   5 'VV" Y! c!  '-  B .> -  62a3 E=a!Th  ' B - >-  6a'# 4 f K T  ! c! jZ " "" !h#"+ !  9"'{  pY!  {% '4 A$c   '0!$- f ! H   K  ( =c -  O  9" ! 0X  #!  K  F'#  4 6 bx 0! ;& F'# 4 0c 6 < 9 'R K K '+'-  `f'a>'"/L'9 4  B O h"/ ;& '# 4 008<0n * r'3 !9;& '"/L'H { 4 3 1  B   pY!08{% '4 A$! |  '0!$- f  !a  9" !a!9 'R K '+'-  !;&  '# 4 6 b*/;& '# 4 0 B <  !0 08<0 : c=c- * * ""! c  ' B -  5 'V " "" ! cja  46 7V" a 3=? 0 - =&01 !1"/>   ' Y! c!3 / 3 ,a c hγn,÷NNO L'3 "/ ;& 9 008<0!'f ;;& 9 0c  6 <'hc!! =4=? 0 -  * "" !0X '\ 9#!K0! !46 7/  JV" Y!- 90X 4 k V!0X 0 j !0X    ' B - 0X   '-  66"P=K a 3 hB|T B L'$1 !"/"H  'aKV'76' 4 "Hh TL' &:  Y     @ F+'|{ O3 =!" """-  O3 =!" "" - =l =! -  )O3 =!" "" - =l 1  (O3 =!" ""!- 

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